Genetics and Biotechnology Fundamentals - Intermediate Level

Question 1
Which cellular structure primarily houses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells?

(A) Cytoplasm

(B) Nucleolus

(C) Mitochondria

(D) Nucleus

Question 2
Which biotechnology technique allows for precise editing of specific DNA sequences?

(A) RNA interference

(B) CRISPR-Cas9

(C) Gel electrophoresis

(D) PCR

Question 3
What does cloning in biotechnology refer to?

(A) Selective breeding for desired traits

(B) Producing identical genetic copies

(C) Amplifying specific regions of DNA

(D) Sequencing genomes

Question 4
Which technique is primarily used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in DNA?

(A) Southern blotting

(B) DNA sequencing

(C) Gene cloning

(D) CRISPR gene editing

Question 5
In heredity, which principle explains the separation of alleles during gamete formation?

(A) Mendel's Law of Dominance

(B) Mendel's Law of Segregation

(C) Incomplete dominance

(D) Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

Question 6
Which application in agriculture uses genetically modified crops to enhance pest resistance?

(A) Plant tissue culture

(B) Genetically modified crops expressing pest-resistant genes

(C) Organic farming techniques

(D) Selective hybridization breeding

Question 7
How does the CRISPR system primarily function in gene editing?

(A) Amplifying DNA segments to identify genes

(B) Using guide RNA to target specific DNA sequences for modification

(C) Using proteins that bind DNA without modifying it

(D) Using heat to denature DNA for recombination

Question 8
Which of the following best describes gene therapy?

(A) Knocking out genes to reduce their expression

(B) Introducing corrected genes into a patient's cells to treat disease

(C) Replacing missing proteins through nutritional supplements

(D) Using chemicals to temporarily alter gene expression

Question 9
What is a potential ethical concern regarding cloning technology in biotechnology?

(A) Accidental mutations during the cloning process

(B) Creating genetically identical individuals without genetic diversity

(C) The inability to produce identical copies

(D) Confusing clones with naturally occurring identical twins

Question 10
Which component of DNA carries the genetic instructions for protein synthesis?

(A) Genes

(B) Proteins

(C) Lipids

(D) Introns

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