Fundamentals of Epidemiology and Public Health Basics

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Question 1
Which of the following best defines epidemiology?

(A) The study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations.

(B) An area focused primarily on individual patient treatment rather than populations.

(D) The study of diseases in strictly controlled experiments rather than in real-world populations.

Question 2
Which term best describes a sudden increase in the number of disease cases above what is normally expected in a community?

(A) Pandemic

(B) Outbreak

(D) Epidemic

Question 3
Which of the following is a public health measure used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases?

(A) Vaccination

(B) Ignoring basic hygiene practices

(D) Quarantining all individuals regardless of exposure

Question 4
A community health worker observes that despite repeated exposure to the measles virus, many children remain protected due to prior immunization. Which concept does this scenario illustrate?

(A) Individual immunity

(B) Passive immunity

(D) Herd immunity

Question 5
Which of the following is considered a risk factor for the spread of infectious diseases in a population?

(A) Overcrowded living conditions

(B) Availability of clean water

(D) High literacy rate

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